SARMs vs. Steroids: What You Need to Know Before Using Them

If you’re looking to enhance your muscle growth, improve athletic performance, or transform your physique, you’ve likely heard about SARMs and anabolic steroids. Both promise faster results than traditional training alone, but they are very different substances with distinct benefits, risks, and legal implications—especially for athletes who compete in drug-tested sports. This article will break down everything you need to know to make informed decisions, including the latest guidance from the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA).

---

What Are SARMs?

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are synthetic compounds designed to selectively bind to androgen receptors in muscle and bone tissue. The goal is to stimulate muscle growth and bone density without affecting other tissues, such as the liver or prostate, which are commonly impacted by anabolic steroids.

Some of the most commonly discussed SARMs include:

• Ostarine (MK-2866) – often used for lean muscle gains
• Ligandrol (LGD-4033) – popular for strength and size gains
• Andarine (S4) – sometimes used for cutting cycles

Although SARMs are sometimes marketed as a “safer alternative to steroids,” they are not approved for human use by the FDA. Research is still limited, and long-term safety is not fully understood.

---

What Are Anabolic Steroids?

Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone. Unlike SARMs, which target specific tissues, steroids are non-selective, meaning they affect multiple systems in the body. They increase muscle mass, strength, and recovery but come with a much higher risk of side effects.

Steroids can be prescribed legally for medical purposes, such as:

• Hormone replacement therapy
• Treating delayed puberty
• Certain chronic illnesses causing muscle wasting

However, misuse or non-medical use for bodybuilding is illegal and can lead to severe health issues.

---

Benefits: SARMs vs. Steroids

Key Takeaways

• SARMs may be less harsh on the body but are still prohibited in professional sports.
• Steroids are more effective for rapid gains but carry significant health risks.

---

The Risks of SARMs

While SARMs are often advertised as “safe steroids,” there are several potential risks:

1. Hormonal Imbalance: SARMs can suppress natural testosterone production, leading to symptoms like fatigue, low libido, and mood changes.
2. Liver Toxicity: Some SARMs, especially oral forms, can be toxic to the liver.
3. Unknown Long-Term Effects: Clinical research is limited, and long-term consequences are largely unknown.
4. Contamination and Mislabeling: Many SARMs sold online may contain unlisted ingredients, including anabolic steroids, putting users at risk of failing drug tests.

---

The Risks of Steroids

Steroids have a much longer history of use, so their risks are well-documented:

• Cardiovascular Issues: High blood pressure, heart attacks, and changes in cholesterol levels
• Liver Damage: Especially with oral anabolic steroids
• Hormonal Imbalances: Testicular atrophy, infertility, gynecomastia (breast development in men)
• Psychological Effects: Aggression, mood swings, and depression
• Legal Consequences: Possession or distribution without a prescription is illegal in the U.S.

---

SARMs vs. Steroids for Athletes

Athletes should be extremely cautious. Both SARMs and anabolic steroids are on the USADA banned list, meaning using them can result in sanctions, including suspensions or permanent bans. SARMs are often marketed as “undetectable,” but modern drug tests can detect most SARMs, and accidental contamination is a documented risk.

Case Study: Olympic Fencer Ysaora Thibus

Ysaora Thibus, an Olympic-level fencer, tested positive for ostarine, a type of SARM, after unknowingly being exposed to the substance via intimate contact with her partner. This case highlights how easily athletes can be exposed and why testing is strict.

USADA Reference: USADA on SARMs

---

Legal and Ethical Considerations

• SARMs are sold legally as “research chemicals,” but human use is illegal in the U.S.
• Steroids are prescription-only substances. Possessing or using them without  prescription is illegal.
• Athletes in competitive sports must always check the WADA Prohibited List to avoid inadvertent violations.

---

How to Minimize Risks if You Choose to Use SARMs

If someone still decides to experiment with SARMs, here are some safety considerations:

• Buy from reputable sources – Ensure third-party testing for purity.
• Start with low doses – Monitor your body’s response.
• Post-Cycle Therapy (PCT) – Helps restore natural hormone levels after use.
• Regular Blood Work – Keep track of liver function, cholesterol, and hormone levels.
• Avoid contamination – Do not assume supplements are pure; check labels and certificates of analysis.

---

Natural Alternatives

For those looking to avoid legal and health risks, there are safer ways to build muscle and improve performance: (there are other brands available)

• Progressive strength training
• High-protein nutrition
• Legally approved supplements (creatine, protein powders, beta-alanine)
• Sufficient sleep and recovery

Natural approaches may be slower, but they are safer and sustainable long-term.

---

Conclusion

Both SARMs and steroids can offer performance and physique-enhancing benefits, but the risks are significant, especially for athletes subject to drug testing. SARMs may seem like a safer alternative, but long-term research is limited, and they remain banned in professional sports. Steroids are more potent but come with well-documented health risks and legal consequences.

For anyone looking to improve their physique or athletic performance, focusing on training, nutrition, and legal supplements is the safest, most sustainable approach.

---

Useful Resources

• USADA Prohibited List
• FDA Warning on SARMs
• Cleveland Clinic: SARMs Health Risks
• WADA Prohibited List